Enterprise Resource Planning Analysis

Question: Discuss about the business operations and the marketing policies of Club Coffee. Answer: Introduction Purpose and Authorization The following assignment evaluates the business operational and the marketing policies of Club Coffee, a cafe set up to provide exclusive food and beverage services to the consumers. The brand is a new venture opportunity that has enormous business potential. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to forecast the performance of the business entity by preparing a feasibility report. The feasibility report shall cover the operational and the financial policies that would assist the brand to achieve business sustainability in the domestic market Scope Club Cafe has to e explore newer business segments apart from the existing set of customers .In addition, the brand has to create a distinctive brand by offering superior customer service at a reasonable rate. Monk and Wagner (2012) mentioned that being a start up business entity the business entity has to be promoted well to create consumer awareness about the brand. Thus, aggressive promotional policies have to be used to develop a positive perception among the consumers in Australia. In this regard, Leon (2014) noted that the marketing mix of the brand has to be implemented after considering the factors like consumer demand, the existing trends in the food and beverage Industry and the business potential of the brand. To match the international standards in the food and the beverage industry the workforce is trained to maximize the level of consumer satisfaction and awareness. Besides this, customer feedback shall be collected to assess the existing marketing strategies of the brand and make alterations as per the needs of the consumers Limitations The following are the limitations of the research study There was a lack of adequate time to conduct an in-depth research study. This was a major deterrent to evaluate the commercial viability of the brand. Lack of financial resources is a major limitation to the assignment. No proper analysis was done on substitute brands to get detailed information on the financial, operational as well as the marketing strategies adopted by the brand. Feasibility study Operational Feasibility According to Kermani and Rouhani (2014), the cafe business in Australia has expanded at a constant rate, thereby, having a sustainable market rate. As such, it can be said that the Club Coffee shall have a sustainable market potential if daily business functionalities are executed in an appropriate manner. As such, it can be said that the business operational policies have to be conducted when aligned with the long-term goals and objectives of the organization. Hoch and Dulebohn (2013) mentioned that the Club Coffee should offer a range of food and beverage services to the consumers. Australia being a multi-cultural country, the brand has to offer services as per the nature and choices of a large number of consumers. As such, it can be said that Club Coffee shall offer a range of services to a large number of consumes coming from different sections of the society. Shaul and Tauber (2013) mentioned that the brand would develop a customized website, which would enable consumers to order goods from the convenience of their homes. Therefore, this would assist the brand to have a larger inflow of sales revenue. In addition, it can be said that the customized portal would increase the visibility of the brand. Porters Five Forces Analysis The following is the detailed analysis of the Porters five forces, which would help to analyze the external environment of the firm. Supplier Power - It is necessary that the supplier power have to be adequately analyzed in understanding the existing state of the plant in the market. According to Shaul and Tauber (2013), in the food and beverage industry proper bargaining should be made with the brands to come to a beneficial deal for the organization. Apart from this, a proper relationship has to be made with the suppliers of the organization to ensure constant flow of materials to enhance the productivity of the brand. Buyer Power - According to Kim et al (2013), the buyer power shall largely determine the sales flow of revenue towards a business enterprise. The buyer power of the customers shall also determine the economic condition of a place. Thus, the external market environment of a business enterprise would be largely dependent on the purchasing capacity and power of the buyers. Competitive Rivalry - There a lot of similar brands available, in the market, that shall pose a competitive threat to the business sustainability of the brand. According to Tsai et al. (2012), the brand has to ensure that to survive in a perfectly competitive market, the brand has to establish distinctive marketing and operational polices to ensure tough competition in a perfectly competitive market. The visibility of the brand has to be increased to attract prospective consumers towards the brand. Threat of Substitution - The threat of substitute brands operating in the same product and service line can create obstacles to the growth of the brand. Thus, Club Coffee has to ensure that the brands sustain consumer loyalty irrespective of the market competition . New Entry- There is a threat of new entry of business enterprise entering the market that can pose a significant threat to the business sustainability. According to Shao et al. (2012), the new entrants in the market operate a penetrating price strategy , which can shift consumer loyalty to other cafes offering similar products . Team Management The management shall play a crucial role for the growth and development of the cafe. Thus, the financial, operational as well as the marketing decisions shall be taken as per the pr-determined long-term goals and the objectives of the business enterprise. As such, De Toni et al. (2015), it is necessary that the financial s strength of the organization be evaluated when taking any business decision. Besides this, essential partnerships can also be formed with other reputed business enterprises to strengthen the inherent resource of the brand. According to Tasevska et al. (2014), the management of the organization along with the core functional group of the organization shall bear the responsibility of establishing the vision and the mission of the organization. This would assist the business to align its operational activities with the long-term vision and the goals of the organization. The following is a list of weaknesses and strengths of the organization that can be used to assess the performance of the organization. Bansal and Agarwal (2015) mentioned that the management of the organization should be of assistance for the development of entrepreneurial as well as the functional skills of the business organization. These skills of the organization are stated below: Entrepreneurial Skills Functional Skills Strengths Weaknesses Strengths Weaknesses Strictly adhering to the long term goals and objectives of the organization Determination Enthusiasm Action Oriented Self-sufficiency Resistance to changes Financial Skills Customer service skills Dealing with crisis Financial Feasibility The firm will incur considerable costs in the initial stages. Jenatabadi et al. (2013) mentioned that to ensure smooth operations of the business enterprise, the brand has to develop the necessary structures as well as recruit the necessary workforce. It is expected that the initial budget of the organization shall be $ 7030. In addition, the brand can apply for loans from the government and other private financial institutions. The initial budget of the organization shall be able to consist of various operational and financial operations to ensure the consistent business operations over a period of time. According to Olson and Staley (2012), the National Bank of Australia shall provide loans to start-ups and small-scale business enterprises. Thus, the financing needs of the business organization would be met through external financing. Classification of Initial start up costs Type of Cost Price of Cost Domain Name Cost (clubcoffee.com.au) (See appendix 7 for a comparison of prices) $68.00 Computer (See appendix 9 for comparison of Apple Mac Computers) $2000.00 Fax and Printer (See appendix 10 for printer options) $380.00 Software and Hardware Cost (See appendix 11 for detail of software needed) $2620.00 Internet Costs $1142.00 Utensils Cost (See appendix 12 for details of start up pack) $790.00 Registering Business ownership and name through the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) $30.00 Recommendations The following are the recommendations that can be made to assist Club Coffee to attain a favorable position Implement training schemes - Club Coffee can implement training schemes to enhance the services offered by the staff. In this regard, it can be said that effective training schemes would assist the business enterprise to reach a favorable position and adapt accordingly to the market conditions. Gather consumer feedback - The consumer feedbacks shall be considered seriously in making essential changes to the marketing policies of Club Coffee. The consumer issues shall be dealt sensitively in retaining the existing market goodwill and reputation of the brand. The consumer feedback would be a guide to the business entity to frame its policies in a appropriate manner. Online marketing policies Special emphasis must be placed on online policies of the business enterprise. The customized portal created shall display a wide range of products and services to the business entity. The online social media policies created would assist the business enterprise to create informal relationship with customers. This will also assist the customers to post their reviews and feedbacks on the social media pages. Pricing policies - Establishing effective policies would assist Club Coffee to enter the market of Australia. The penetrating pricing strategy would be effective in attracting prospective customers towards the brand. Furthermore, offering good hospitality services at a reasonable rate would develop a positive consumer perception. Substitute products- Club Coffee has to carefully observe the presence of substitute brands. This would assist the business enterprise to make necessary changes to the operational and the marketing policies. As such, creating a competitive edge over the substitute brands would enable the entity to achieve a larger market share in the domestic market. Target segment of consumers - Club Coffee has to successfully develop the target segment of consumers and has created marketing and operating policies. It is expected that the youth is its primary segment of consumers. Thus, discounted rates can be offered to consumers who have been loyal to the brand over a period. Conclusion It can be stated that Club Coffee has suitable market opportunities to assist the business organization in its growth. As such, the feasibility report shall cover the organizational growth prospects as well as the marketing prospects of the brand. The financial report relates to the start up costs of the brand. Thus, the brand shall have necessary financial as well as non-financial resources to assist the organization in its growth. The substitute brands in the market shall pose a threat to the business sustainability of the brand in the market. References Bansal, V. and Agarwal, A., 2015. Enterprise resource planning: identifying relationships among critical success factors. Business Process Management Journal, 21(6), pp.1337-1352. De Toni, A.F., Fornasier, A. and Nonino, F., 2015. The impact of implementation process on the perception of enterprise resource planning success. Business Process Management Journal, 21(2), pp.332-352. Hoch, J.E. and Dulebohn, J.H., 2013. Shared leadership in enterprise resource planning and human resource management system implementation. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), pp.114-125. Jenatabadi, H.S., Huang, H., Ismail, N.A. and Satar, N.B.M., 2013. Impact of supply chain management on the relationship between enterprise resource planning system and organizational performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(19), p.107. Kermani, S.E. and Rouhani, S., 2014. Review of Readiness to the Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries. Iranian Journal of Business and Economics, 1. Kibler, E., Kautonen, T. and Fink, M., 2014. Regional social legitimacy of entrepreneurship: Implications for entrepreneurial intention and start-up behaviour. Regional Studies, 48(6), pp.995-1015. Kim, J., Nicolaou, A.I. and Vasarhelyi, M.A., 2013. The Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems on the Audit Report Lag. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 10(1), pp.63-88. Leon, A., 2014. Enterprise resource planning. McGraw-Hill Education. Monk, E. and Wagner, B., 2012. Concepts in enterprise resource planning. Cengage Learning. Olson, D.L. and Staley, J., 2012. Case study of open-source enterprise resource planning implementation in a small business. Enterprise Information Systems, 6(1), pp.79-94. Rao, N.V.M., Singh, P. and Maheshwari, M.N., 2015. A framework for evaluating e-business models and productivity analysis for banking sector in India. The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 2005. Shao, Z., Feng, Y. and Liu, L., 2012. The mediating effect of organizational culture and knowledge sharing on transformational leadership and Enterprise Resource Planning systems success: An empirical study in China. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), pp.2400-2413. Shaul, L. and Tauber, D., 2013. Critical success factors in enterprise resource planning systems: Review of the last decade. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 45(4), p.55. Tasevska, F., Damij, T. and Damij, N., 2014. Project planning practices based on enterprise resource planning systems in small and medium enterprisesA case study from the Republic of Macedonia. International journal of project management, 32(3), pp.529-539. Trimi, S. and Berbegal-Mirabent, J., 2012. Business model innovation in entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,8(4), pp.449-465. Tsai, W.H., Lee, P.L., Shen, Y.S. and Lin, H.L., 2012. A comprehensive study of the relationship between enterprise resource planning selection criteria and enterprise resource planning system success. Information Management, 49(1), pp.36-46.

Women in Leadership an Example by

Women in Leadership The association of men with the term leader is a centuries old concept; this, however, is being revolutionized in the world of today as the world progresses every second. Females have been coming forward for many years in prominent fields of life and exhibiting their talent as leaders. It might be true that women lack in some areas, but their unique leadership styles help them pull through every obstacle. History has seen many women leaders who have contributed to the world by their remarkable aptitude; some extremely prominent and unforgettable figures are Queen Victoria, Queen Elizabeth, Benazir Bhutto, Hillary Clinton, Helen Clark and Mother Teresa. Need essay sample on "Women in Leadership" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Dr. Musimbi Kanyoro, who is the Secretary General of World Young Womens Christian Association, clearly states that domination is no longer a leadership style that works on the people of the 21st century. The reasons for this are that everybody has become extremely independent and do not accept of taking orders from others. The traits of caring women to keep families together facilitates her in uniting and organizing volunteers whom she helps in realizing the need for the contribution towards the society by empathizing (Lowen; N.D). Dr. Kanyoro is, thus, a clear example of a participative/people-oriented leader. This is a style that focuses more on team work and building great interpersonal relationships with ones colleagues. Dr. Kanyoro does not believe in ordering or bossing around her subordinates; this also gives birth to a level of respect among the team members. This strengthens the ease and comfort of sharing ideas and innovation techniques and negates the idea of suppressing ones suggestion in fear of offending your leader. Simply put, it is the democratic way of working for the people and by the people. Also, such leaders encourage the involvement of employees in major decision making processes this involvement enables them to feel a greater bond with the organization giving a rise to their commitment and loyalty level. This directly enhances the productivity rates and boosts the entire working environment; enabling the leader to fulfill his core aim success of the organization. This mutually benefits both the leader and team member by giving them a chance to grow, progress and learn from their past mistakes. There is delegative culture as there is no use of authority or abuse of power; the le ader guides his/her members to stay on the right track and keeps monitoring them besides allowing participation. The Queen Elizabeth I, who started ruling a huge chunk of the world at only an age of 25, might have been underestimated by a few due to her gender and age. But her rule proved to be one of the longest and steady ones in history. Despite of being a woman, she ruled with incredible ambition, accomplishment and promise; her leadership style was not only astute and resourceful, but at the same time, it was extremely influential and forceful. Forceful does not mean that people were not happy under her rule; the fact that she knew what she wanted and expected her orders to be fulfilled makes it forceful. However, at the same time, she made sure that her orders were rational therefore, we can say that she was assertive. Her style of leadership comes under authoritative style. Suggestions and contribution of ideas towards decision making is not appreciated under this way of leading; leaders tend to abuse their authority at times, but it is their intention to use it for the progression of t he organization or the society. In the modern world of today, women leaders are increasing rapidly and rampantly; gender biases have been thrusted aside by the females of today. Generally, there is still a need for more females to come up in the leadership arena and utilize the unique capabilities of different leadership styles that they possess, so that this world can become a better place. Works Cited Linda Lowen (N.D), Qualities of Women Leaders, The Unique Leadership Characteristics of Women

Art and Visual Culture essays

Art and Visual Culture essays Art and Visual Culture expresses its key focus in its title; it is a course about art, but not only standard art, it also includes aspects of visual culture. Culture has many definitions listed in Encarta Dictionary, one of which is the set of shared beliefs, customs, and attitudes of a group of people. Art and Visual Culture aims to use cultural information to study the roles art plays in reflecting and shaping the societies in which it is created. This endeavor requires the study of basic art history from ancient times to the present. Throughout art history there are dominant themes that this course examines, the most prominent are gender roles, stereotyping, and censorship. A key goal of the class is to form personal opinions on issues that art history scholars debate today. Readings done from a variety of sources provide the material to formulate opinions with both sides of the issue represented. Before these complex issues can be discussed, a primary knowledge of a workin g vocabulary is needed, which learning how to look at art provides. The first skill developed in the class is viewing art. This includes the formal analysis of paintings, architecture, and sculpture. The formal elements of art include composition, color, lighting, texture, line, and illusionistic space. The study of sculpture also includes other topics that involve the techniques used, the form, the relationship with space, and scale. Another aspect of looking at art is the representational elements. They concern the subject matter and the expressive content of the work, including poses, actions, and emotions. Iconography is part of representational study that searches for conventional meanings. One work studied intensely on this topic is Jan van Eycks Arnolfini Marriage. Readings from two art critics reveal that there are different iconographic interpretations of this work. Erwin Panofsky in Early Netherlandish Pa...

The World Bank and IMF effects on developing countries Essay

The World Bank and IMF effects on developing countries - Essay Example United States, being the biggest stakeholder holds 17% of the vote in World Bank while all African countries have less than 9% vote (â€Å"The World Bank and IMF in Africa†,2008). Despite six decades of uninterrupted function, according to United Nations development program, over a fifth of world’s population lives below international standard of poverty line of $1 a day, another 1.6 billion survive between one and two dollar. One third of world’s population is either unemployed or underemployed. Combined incomes of richest fifth of the world population was over 60 times greater than the poorest fifth in 1998,in 1997 41% of Third World had no access to safe drinking water,57% had no access to sanitation,40% of children under five were underweight, 840 million people malnourished and under five mortality rate was 169/1000 live births. Moreover, external debt repayment or servicing amounts to 92.3% of the GDP and the list goes on (Ecologist, 2000). Since Asian financial crisis, role of IMF in managing the economies of developing countries is facing severe criticism. Non-governmental bodies have always been concerned about African development and IMF’s role in helping or hampering the process. Moreover, increasing debates over US economic policy for Africa and international pressures for poor countries debt cancellation highlighted IMF policies in Africa. Increasing external debt and multiplying IMF’s power also diverted the attention towards the impact of IMF’s economic policies in African countries (Naiman & Watkins 1999). Davison Budhoo resigned from IMF in 1988 in revulsion over policies what he identified as IMF’s â€Å"Increasingly genocidal policies.†Operations of these agencies proved to be catastrophic (Budhoo n.d., p.20). ‘Instead of development and favourable adjustment, the Third World today is in an accelerated spiral of economic and social decline. That

Quidelines for Communications Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Quidelines for Communications - Research Paper Example The controller is mainly nominated by the state or even the society law. It is essential and mandatory to ensure that the EU citizens are never in a position where their privileges to privacy are compromised. Therefore, there must be a satisfactory and valuable means of scrutinizing the dispensation of the personal identity data by an appointed controller. Thus, the EU member ought to assign a competent controller to do the work. When private data are accumulated, they are mainly used in a variety of ways. An individual can give his personal data when he for instance, records for a library tag, or when he signs for gymnasium association, or even opens a depository account. Therefore, personal data can be gathered unswervingly from the individual or from an existing database. This information may afterwards be utilized for other reasons and further shared with extra parties. Personal data can be any data that recognizes an entity, such as a person’s name, an individual’s telephone number, or moreover an individual’s photo. The idea of development in computer knowledge and also in telecommunications system is permitting personal data to go across borders through superior simplicity. As personal data is collected and exchanged more frequently, regulation on data transfers is necessary (Bennet & Raab, 2007). The Specific Role of the EU Member State Controller with regards to EU Citizen Privacy Protection The controller is chiefly appointed by the government body. The key roles of the controllers in the EU include a variety of duties. For instance, they must be able to ensure limited types of personal data are collected from the member states of the EU. For instance, the data that is capable of revealing an individual’s ethnic, or the race, the political conviction, religious beliefs, or even the health as well as the sexuality is not to be collected unless the individual collecting that information has the right to do so in the member co untry. For example the government body or the employers are an example of those who have full rights and privileges to collect an individual’s personal data. Secondly, the controller must guarantee accuracy of the data collected. The controller ought to ensure accuracy of data and any data without accuracy must be deleted. This is to enable the availability of correct data and therefore the inaccurate data must be removed or updated and rectified. Additionally, the controller of the EU members must further ensure that the data collected from the individuals is kept securely and safely. Moreover, the data controllers must further ensure that they have implemented appropriate technical and also organizational measures so as to protect personal data against any forms of accidental loss, or even the alterations, or from any unauthorized disclosure or even access. Furthermore, the controller’s role is also to fully guarantee redress of the personal data. This is an independ ent mechanism that ensures individuals have recourse if they want to and feel like their rights to their personal data has been interfered with or infringed. Eventually, the controllers must ensure that the individual has a right and access to the power to investigate claims of data protection violations. They must also have a right to intervene and further stop the collection of any personal data and further initiate a legal procedure against any violators of the data protection rights (Staples, 2001). The Required

Effect of Positive Emotions Induced by Music

Effect of Positive Emotions Induced by Music Do positive emotions induced by music broaden thought-action repertoires? Music has the potential to communicate emotions, and this presence can be considered to be part of our everyday experience. Music psychologist believes that it has the capability to invoke specific emotions when listeners tune in to a specific type of music. For example, a faster toned and pitch music will indicate a lighter and happier mood, whereas a slow tone and pitch will indicate a sad emotion. On the scale of mood, Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory suggests that positive emotions builds up our thought-action repertoire, explains that we should harness positive emotions into our daily lives in effort to enhance our coping skills. The fusion of music with the broaden-and-build theory is an attempt to prove that positive emotions do indeed broaden our momentary thought-action repertoire as proven in Fredrickson’s theory, but on a different scale. Such fusion can be proven to be worth of research as music exists in our everyday lives and if we incorporate and fo ster positive emotions into individual’s daily lives, most, if not everyone, would have increased thought-action repertoire, which would then lead to better coping skills in situations. The broaden-and-build theory suggests the function of a subset of positive emotions such as joy, love and contentment. Fredrickson (2004) proposed that positive emotions produce optimal functioning over time, which includes psychological well-being, as well as physical well-being. These positive emotions, where individuals experience joy, which in turn creates the urge to play, or interactions with a stranger which will in turn create a supportive relationship, will broaden an individual’s thought-action repertoire. This broaden mindset is in contrast with negative emotions, where it prompts immediate and narrow action tendencies such as fight or flight. Fredrickson also proposed that with broadening of an individual’s thought-action repertoire, it would in turn create and build into the individual’s personal resources, and these personal resources are thought to be long term which can help individuals cope with situations in future. For the support of her theori es, Fredrickson reviewed some of other researchers who worked on the effects of positive affect and cognition and pointed out that Kahn and Isen (1993) found that individuals experiencing positive affect report having increased preference for variety and accept a broader array of behavioural options. Subsequently, Ashby, Isen, and Turken (1999) found that positive affect produces effects linked to increases in brain dopamine levels, particularly in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate, which are thought to underlie better cognitive performance. However, Isen’s work did not target specific positive emotions or thought-action repertoires per se, but it provides the strongest evidence that positive affect broadens cognition. As Fredrickson builds up on her theory which eventually became the broaden-and-build theory, Fredrickson and Joiner (2002) propose that positive emotions will elicit an upward spiral in the direction of enhanced emotional well-being. They assessed their prediction by testing whether positive affect and broad-minded coping reciprocally and prospectively predict one another. They made a conclusion that positive affect from a particular time will lead to enhancement of broad-minded coping at a later stipulated timing, and vice versa. It was also mentioned that positive affect at one particular time is able to predict the positive affect at a later time when changes in the broad-minded coping were controlled, and vice versa. Hence, it can be said that from this particular review, it has been found that positive affect and broad-minded coping are correlated and they mutually build on one another. However, later studies done by researchers such as Nickerson (2007) suggested that Fredrickso n and Joiner (2002)’s analysis tested within-occasion, across persons hypotheses, which are incoherent with Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory of emotions that is within person, across occasions. Nickerson changed their hypotheses so that the edited hypotheses would align with the broaden-and-build theory, in which Fredrickson subsequently tested the momentary broaden hypothesis, in which the efficacy was proven. Fredrickson (2005) made use of a Twenty Statement Test as a measure of thought-action repertoire when her participants were randomly assigned and exposed to videos which will induce a specific emotion. For example, participant A would be exposed to a video of some penguins, which would supposedly elicit the amusement emotion. The participant would then be required to fill in the Twenty Statement Test in which a higher number of statements filled in would indicate a larger thought-action repertoire, and this finding was consistent with their hypotheses. On another scale, Fredrickson conducted a qualitative analysis using the same data collected, and classified the responses collected from the participants into some categories. They found similar findings, for example, participants who viewed the amusement video are reported to have more frequent urges to play, have positive feelings or thoughts, and fewer urges to sleep or rest. Thus, the data presented by Fredrickson support 2 central aspects of the broaden hypothesis positive emotion broadens thought-action repertoires, as well as broadening effects emerge for 2 distinct types of positive emotion, namely amusement and contentment. Music can be thought to be a powerful tool in inducing specific mood states (Marin and Bhattacharya, 2010), and these moods refer to the states which feature a lower intensity than emotions, and this state tend to last much longer than emotions; these emotions denote the affective response that generally encompass some subcomponents – action tendency, as well as regulation. Although it is believed that there could be some correspondence between music induced emotion and mood, the two distinctions can be said as: music induced emotions are short lived, whereas music induced mood generally last longer. Various psychophysiological and psychological experiments such as emotion perception to emotion experiences have been proven by Thomas Baumgartner, Michaela Esslen, Lutz Ja ¨ncke (2006), where it was elucidated by their psychometric results that emotions can be evoked by pictures and classical music. There are a large number of empirical studies that reveal systematic relationsh ips between musical structures and emotional responses (Gabrielsson Lindstro ¨m, 2010). Lundqvist, Carlsson, Hilmersson and Juslin (2009) concluded in their study that self-composed music is effective in inducing specific emotions. For example, they explained that for a happy emotion to be induced, the happy music needs to feature fast tempo, high sound level, and major mode, while the sad music featuring slow tempo, low sound level, and minor mode. This was also proven in their research, as well as previous works, which gives the conclusion that music is able to produce specific emotions without contamination. Hence, it is of interest to study the interaction between how music is capable of inducing the emotions as required, and how the induced emotion can help in enhancing an individual’s coping skills, as well as building up their personal resources. The nature of the study is discovering whether positive emotions induced by music will broaden thought-action repertoire in a sample of Singaporean participants. The rationale of the hypothesis is to find out if the differences of cultures may pose a significant contributor to the difference in thought-action repertoire. Secondly, inspection can be done to see if cross-cultural differences may produce different results as compared to what Fredrickson originally done in her study, and lastly, findings may have possible implications of music to enhance psychological and physical well-being. Thus, the first hypothesis is that positive emotions will broaden momentary thought-action repertoire. Secondly, the emotion experienced in amusement will broaden momentary thought-action repertoire to a greater extent when compared to contentment. The third hypothesis is that negative emotions will narrow thought-action repertoire, and the last hypothesis is that object-focused negative emotions (e .g. anger) will narrow momentary thought-action repertoire to a greater extent when compared to object-less negative emotions (e.g. anxiety). This study is considered to be an advance over previous works; in the original broaden-and-build theory, Fredrickson made use of videos to induce emotions, and for modifications, the new experiment will use audio materials, which consists of self-composed audio clips; the rationale here is to identify if the usage of video and music clips will yield the same kind of findings. Additionally, two additional steps will be administered; before starting the experiment (measuring skin conductance level), and at the end of the experiment (performing relaxation techniques on participants). The first step ensures that each participant is at neutral emotional state (baseline) before we induce a particular emotion with the music clip. The second step ensures the momentary emotional well-being of participants as they do not leave the experiment with induce d emotions, but with neutral emotions (baseline). Method Participants 100 university students enrolled in an introductory psychology course received course credit for their participation. Only students who spoke English as their first language were eligible to participate. Some ethical issues to be considered are the initial screening before participation. It is required that the participants are mentally healthy, and it is essential to exclude those with history of mental and physical illnesses because of the emotional manipulation involved in the experiment; the confidentiality of the information provided by the participants will be ensured. Another ethical issue is that of informed consent: Participants will be informed of experimental procedure, the materials that will be used, and the rights to withdraw before the start of experiment; they also have the option of counselling services and exit interview at point of withdrawal. Questions from participants will be answered at all times of experiment. Finally, participants can be sure that their answe rs remain anonymous as the forms and tests that they filled in during the experiment do not require them to fill in their names, as well as undergoing a debrief of the original intent of the research. Design The nature of this research is considered to be a quasi-experiment, where the independent variable (IV) is emotions, which are induced by the respective music clips (Amusement, contentment, anger, anxiety, neutral), and the dependent variable (DV) is the thought-action repertoire, in which will be measured via two methods: quantitative and qualitative. Materials Participants will be selected at random to be exposed to audio clips which are intended to induce emotions. The audio clips that are exposed to the participants are: Amusement, contentment, anger, anxiety, as well as neutral. Skin conductance level (SCL). To ensure that the participants will not contaminate the data being collected, the SCL will be used to ensure that the participants will start off the experiment in a neutral state. This is done by attaching a node onto the participants’ hands, followed by measuring the skin resistance, which will be varied with the state of the sweat glands on the skin of their hands. Emotion Report Form. Ekman, Friesen, and Ancoli (1980) made use of the emotion report form to identify and test if the emotions induced by the experimenter are successfully manipulated by music clips. This is done by participants giving a rating of emotions felt on a Likert scale. Participants who rated the greatest amount felt of the emotions above on a 9-point Likert scale (0 = none, 8 = a great deal). Twenty Statements Test. Kuhn and McPartland (1954) constructed the Twenty Statements Test to measure the thought-action repertoire of individuals after they are exposed to audio clips. They are required to fill in 20 blank lines which began with â€Å"I would like to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to their greatest extent possible after listening to the audio clip. A higher score is thought to indicate a larger thought-action repertoire. Procedure Before the participants begin the official experiment, they would be required to be put under the SCL test, which is to ensure that they start off the experiment on a neutral state. Participants would then be randomly exposed to one particular audio clip which elicits a single emotion, i.e. a faster tone and pitch audio clip would indicate the participants listening to a happy music. The next step would require the participants to describe the strongest emotion that they felt in a few words, and subsequently asked to complete the Twenty Statements Test. Before the participants finish the experiment, they would be required to complete the Emotion Report Form so that there is consistency in their emotions felt and the emotions written down onto the Twenty Statements Test. Lastly, participants would be given a mandatory relaxation session so that they can fall back to their baseline (neutral state). Results Statistical analysis can be done on various scales, which includes quantitative level, as well as qualitative level. For the quantitative level, analysis can be done for the self-reported emotions from the Emotion Report Form, where a 1-way ANOVA and Tukey pairwise comparisons to test if music clips altered emotional experiences as intended. Positive emotion music groups/Negative emotion music groups will be compared with neutral emotion music group to produce a less ambiguous result. Secondly, a 1-way ANOVA and Tukey pairwise comparisons can be conducted for the number of responses from Twenty Statements Test, and for the group differences in repertoire size, a 5 x 2 ANOVA, where the 5 groups are the audio clips exposed, and the two groups are the culture, which in this case is the Singaporean Culture compared with Foreign culture. On the qualitative level, analysis can be done via coding, where participants who responded in a certain manner will be classified into a category, and f or each participant, proportion scores for each activity was determined by dividing the tally for that activity by the total number of statements the participant generated. Discussion The expected results are that all hypotheses proposed are significant, that is to say that positive emotion will broaden momentary thought-action repertoire, and the amusement emotion will broaden momentary thought action repertoire to a greater degree when compared to contentment. Some of the limitations include the possibility of the individual’s desire to be socially desirable may cause contamination of the data as participants may not write their intended behaviours or thoughts as per the emotions they experience in the music clips. For instance, an individual may not write that he or she will hit someone even though he or she wants to. Future researchers can look into exploring the usage of recording the participants’ response instead of doing the Twenty Statements Test, as there is a possibility of identifying the emotions of the participants through the way they speak.

My Idea of a Professional Teacher Essay

A student is nothing without his/her teacher. Without them we would know nothing and be nothing. The teacher is the one that helps the student understand everything around him/her. The teacher’s pride and glory is to know that he/she helped create a student that would someday live a successful life. When the word â€Å"professional teacher† was said, Sir Camacho comes to my mind. Even though there are a lot of great teachers in Regional Science High School, I chose him because he is a teacher that everyone likes, he is a teacher that is strict but very fun to be with, and he is a teacher that turns something so hard to something very understandable, he is a teacher that understands his students, and helps them in times of need. I remember the first day of being a junior; Sir Camacho was our first subject teacher, I thought he was a very strict teacher that wants every lesson he teaches to be understood by the students immediately, but I was proven wrong. We got along very well and he even shared his experiences to us—his students. Aristotle loves him, he gives us some advices, and we share some secrets with him. I consider Sir Camacho as one of the great teachers that taught me. He is a man that can be a teacher at the same time a friend. Words can’t be enough to describe how much I’m thankful of him and the great knowledge he shared us. Sir Camacho should really be called Superman.